Thirukkural pearls of inspiration pdf download

Every one should learn the subject matter without any blemish, and learn selectively, but ultimately his conduct should be worthy of his learning Water will emerge from the sand-well in proportion to the depth to which is dug; likewise knowledge will flow from a man in proportion to his learning.

According to Tiruvalluvar illiteracy leads to ignorance and it is a sin. As beasts by the side of men, so are other men by the side of those who are learned in celebrated works. As a method of learning and acquiring knowledge Tiruvalluvar emphasizes the process of listening. In his opinion the wealth of wealth is that which is heard by the ear; that wealth is the major wealth. He condemns the people who tastes the food seriously than tasting the message heard throught he ear.

The culmination of education, listening etc, is nothing but the possession of knowledge, leading to wisdom. The frequeent55ly quoted verse declares thus; To discover the truth, uttered by any person, listened to by any person, is real wisdom.

Most of fear what ought to be feared is folly; it is the work of the wise to fear what should be feared. The noble gesture of the men of wisdom is to correct the faults of fellowmen, as well as in themselves. In a society none can decide anything individually. Seeking the aid of great men is essentially required for guidance and decision making. This quality is to be preferred by the rulers. So to act as to make those men, his own, who are greater than himself is of all powers the highest To achieve this welcome virtue one must avoid the company of the mean minded fellows.

This is no greater help than the company of the good. There is no greater source of sorrow than the company of the wicked. Tiruvalluvar insists that before engaging inan action one should contemplate seriously and then proceed. Even if the peacock feathers are loaded excessively, the axle of that vehicle will break Equally one must realize the appropriate time while performing an act. If a person acts in the right time and at the right place, he can conquer the world and acoomplish it Similarly is the case in knowing the right place for action.

Tiruvalluvar substantiates this vies: Wide chariots with mighty wheels willnot turn on the ocean; neither will the ships that traverse ocean, move on the earth One must know and realize the conditions of life whichi are based on righteousness, wealth, pleasure and fear of life death. For trusting a fellow without examination and oubting a fellow after choosing for the assignment, both will create irremediable sorrow. Similarly one should realize and employ right person for right action.

Though people consider forgetting as a boon, Tiruvalluvar on the contrary wants the people not to develop the habit of forgetting. Benignity is a grand virtue. For kind loons are the ornaments of the eyes. Those who devise to cultivate that degree of civilization which all shall prefer, even after swallowing the posion served to them by their friends; such persons will be friendly even with them.

With an analogy he elucidates this concept. Even as the flower stretches asper the depth of water, the greatness of human beings will be determined by their mental strength.

This virtues is followed by unsluggishness. People are expected to give up idelenss and be brisk always. Those who through idelenss and do not engage themselves in dignified extension, will subject themselves to troubles and reproaches. Promoting power and untiring activities will culminate in personality development.

To encourage people Tiruvalluvar brings in divinity. Even if something could not be achieved by divine sources, one can triumph and obtain the reward through constant labour and continued bodily extentions. Even if fate confronts a man with suffering one should not give up hope. In troubles too one should develop steadfastness and try to wipe out troubles. Such people will give sorrow to sorrow itself who in sorrow do not suffer in sorrows. To protect people from external dangers and internal threats, people need a good state with all equipments.

Tiruvalluvar devotes several decades of verses to highlight the salient features of political ideologies. The section on wealth commences with the significant features of royal personality especially the greatness of a king or ruler.

A king has to possess an army, citizens, wealth, ministers, friends asnd a fortress. Such a king will be treated as a lion among kings. This is the grammar of politics. A ruler must promote the quality of manly modesty and should not swerve from virtue but refrain from Vice The ruler who spends his time and energy with duty consciousness in protecting his subjects will be adored as a God among men.

The other virtues elucidated for social well being of people are equally applicable for the king and ministers too. While seeking the guidance of great men, a king must be always in the company of noble men selected by him for the prosperity of his domain.

Otherwise, he will perish even though there be no one to defeat or destroy him. A ruler must be vigilant and always be aware of the poer of his army, his enemy etc, before ventuiring into any act. There is nothing which may not be accomplished by those whol, beofer they attack an enemy, make thmesleves aquainted with their own ability, and with whatever else is needful to be known, and apply themselves wholly to their goal. Equally is important the intend of knowing the appropriate time.

Valluvur explains this virtue with an analogy. A crow will conquer an owl in the day time; thus aking has to analyse the suitable time before conquering his enermies. While selecting the ministers the ruler must be very conscious of their skill and bility. According to Tiruvalluvar, let a minister be chosen, after he has been tried by means of the following four qualities, virtue, attachement towards money, indulgence in sexual pleasure and fear of losing life.

In the chapter on the Right scepter Tiruvalluvar gives a vivid picture about the method of ruling the country. Even as the living beings live happily6 when there is good down-pouring, the citizens will live happily when the king rules his domain justly.

Again for a king to punish the criminals with severe punishements, is like the pulling up of the weeds in the green field. Similarly a king is to avoid the quality of the cruel scepter.

The country of the king who does not dailyl examine into the wrongs done and distribute justice, will daily fall to runit. Again when the people shed tears unable to bear the torture from a cruel king, on that day itself the wealth of the king will vanich. Another important duty of the ruler is to protect his domain from terrosrism. If he could not control and contain the onslaught of the terrorists, Tiruvalluvar warns that peace will be out of focus from his terroritory.

The king should engage detectives to check the activities of the unruly masses and bring forth peace in his country. In the sub section on Ministers of state, Tiruvalluvar emphatically asserts the office of the minister of state to assist the smoth administration of the kingdom in association with the king.

Chapter 1 : Invocation. Chapter 2 : Glory of Rain. Chapter 3 : Glory of those who have relinquished. Chapter 4 : The power of righteousness. Chapter 5 : Family life.

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Haq, M. Reflections on human development. New York: Oxford University Press. World employment social outlook—Trends Geneva, Switzerland: International Labor Organization. Kaufmann, D. The worldwide governance indicators: Methodology and analytical issues. Working Paper No. World Bank Policy Research.

Kuznets, S. National income, —32, Lateef, K. Phillips, D. Quality of life: Concept, policy and practice. New York: Routledge. Rajaram, M. Thirukkural—Pearls of inspiration. New Delhi, India: Rupa Publications. Ram, R. Forty years of life span revolution: An exploration of the roles of convergence income and policy. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 46 4 , — Rangarajan, L. Kautilya—The Arthashastra. Gurgaon, India: Penguin Random House.

Sirgy, M.